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???????? ????? August W?hler ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????

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August W?hler ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????. ??? ???? 1852 ? 1870 ? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????. ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? 1. ???? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????. ??? W ? hler ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? SN. ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? aw ? hler. ?? ???? ????? Sn ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????. ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? 1.

???????? ????? August W?hler ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? 2
????? 1 ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? W ? hler

???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ?? w ? hler. ????? ? ????? ?? ????? SN ???? ???? ???????? (????? 1000 ????) ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???. ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????????. ???? ? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ? ??? ???? ????????. ??? ???? ???????? ??? ????? (????? 107 ????) ? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? Sn ??????. ??? ?? ????? ? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? "?????? ??????????". ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????. ??? ???? ?????? ? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??????.

?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???????. ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????. ?? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? 45 ???? ??????? ????? ?????? (??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??????). ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? 90 ???? ??????? ????? ??????. ????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? 2.

???????? ????? August W?hler ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? 3
????? 2 ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????

??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????. ????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????. ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? "??????" ? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? 3. ?? ??????? ?????? ? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????. ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ? ?????? ???????.

???????? ????? August W?hler ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? 4
????? 3 ????? 3 ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????

??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???????. ?? ??? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????. ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ????. ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? 4. ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????.

???????? ????? August W?hler ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? 5
????? 4

???? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???????. ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? 5. ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? "?". ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? "?" ? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????? ? ????? ???? ??? ?????? "?" ?? ?????? ??????. ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? "d" ? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ???? "?? ?????". ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? "e" ? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? "Da" ???? ?????? ?????? ??????. ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????. ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ????.

???????? ????? August W?hler ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? 6
????? 5 ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????

??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??????

??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????:

1 - ???? ??????

?? ????? ??????? ? ?????? ?? ??? ?? "????" ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????. ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ????????. ?? ???? ????? SN ?????? ?? ????? 1 ? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???????.

???????? ????? August W?hler ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? 7
????? 6 ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????

2 ? ????? ?????

????? ??????? (??????? ???????) ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????. ?? ??????? ?????????? ? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????. ??? ????? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????. ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????.

3 ????? ?????

????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????????. ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????. ?? ?????? ? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????. ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????.

???????? ????? August W?hler ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? 8
????? 7 ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ? ?? ???? ????? SN ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?????.

4 ? ???????? ???????

???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????. ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????. ?? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????????. ???? ? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????. ??? ??? ? ??? ????? ? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????. ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ? ?????? ???????. ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????.

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?????? 25, 2024
The research and development of crystal plane in cemented carbides is one of the hotspots...

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Cemented carbide cutting tools are very common in cutting operations, and the correct selection of...

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?????? 21, 2024
Nano-WC-Co carbides, known for their high strength and hardness, represent a promising direction for the...

Study on the Erosion-Wear Performance of YG8 carbide

?????? 14, 2024
In recent years,YG8 tungsten carbide (WC) materials have gained increasing attention due to their excellent...

?The 3 Impact of Coarse Tungsten Carbide Particle Size on WC-Co Alloy Grain Size

?????? 7, 2024
Coarse Tungsten Carbide (WC) is a fundamental raw material for producing coarse WC-Co alloys. The...

How Do Sintering Atmosphere and Particle Size Affect the Extrusion Forming Quality of Cemented Carbide Bars?

????? 16, 2024
Cemented carbide is a significant type of cemented carbide, widely used in manufacturing cutting tools,...

The Effects of 3 Elements on the High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance and Hardness of Carbides

????? 5, 2024
The oxidation with temperature in the cutting area can reach 1000°C significantly reduces the hardness...

How to achieve a transverse fracture strength of 3492 MPa in high-strength and tough WC-Co carbide additive manufacturing?

????? 11, 2024
Research status For WC-Co carbide, the rapidly advancing Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) additive manufacturing (AM)...
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